καθῆσθαι ἐν πόλει

κάθημαι, [dialect] Ion. [pref] κάτ-, [ per.] 2sg. κάθησαι ([dialect] Ion.

A

κάτ- Hdt.3.134

) X.Cyr.3.1.6, prob.in Call.Sos. vi4,

κάθῃ Hyp.Fr. 115

, Act.Ap.23.3, dub.l.in Com.Adesp.1203, ([etym.] προ-) Them.Or.13.171a codd.; [ per.] 3sg.

κάθηται Ar.Lys. 597

, Pl.Ap. 35c, D.9.70, SIG987.26 (Chios, iv B.C.); [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.

κατέαται Hdt.2.86

; imper.

κάθησο Il.2.191

, E.IA 627;

κάθου Ar.Fr. 620

, Anaxandr.13, Men.1017, Alex.224; κάθουσο Sch.Theoc.11.42; [ per.] 3sg.

καθήσθω A.Pr. 916

; [ per.] 3pl.

καθήσθωσαν IG9(2).1109.38

(Thess.); subj.

καθῶμαι, κάθῃ Cratin.277

,

καθῆται Ar.Eq. 754

; opt.

καθοίμην Id.Ra. 919

, prob.in Id.Lys. 149; inf. καθῆσθαι; part. καθήμενος: [tense] impf.

ἐκαθήμην Ar. Ec. 152

, D.48.31, etc.,

ἐκάθητο h.Bacch.14

, Ar.Av. 510, Th.5.6,

ἐκάθησθε Ar.Ach. 638

, ἐκάθηντο, [dialect] Ion. ἐκατέατο v.l. in Hdt.3.144, 8.73; also without syll. augm.

καθῆστο Il.1.569

, E.Ba. 1102, Ph. 1467, Pl.R. 328c, Is.6.19,

καθῆτο D.18.169

,217; [dialect] Ion.

κατῆστο Hdt.1.46

,

καθῆσθε D. 25.21

(with vv. ll.),

καθῆντο Ar.Ec. 302

, v.l. in Th.5.58; [dialect] Ep.

καθήατο Il.11.76

; [dialect] Ion.

κατέατο Hdt.3.144

, 8.73, 9.90 (v.l. καθ-): the later [tense] fut.

καθήσομαι LXXLe.8.35

, Ev.Luc.22.30 is corrupt in E.Fr. 960:—to be seated, sit,

αὐτός τε κάθησο καὶ ἄλλους ἵδρυε λαούς Il.2.191

;

κάθησ' ἑδραία E.Andr. 266

: freq. in part.,

πέτρῃ ἔπι προβλῆτι καθήμενος Il.16.407

; ἐπ' ἀκτῆς κλαῖε κ. Od.5.82;

κ. οἶος ἐν Ἴδῃ Il.8.207

; ἐν ἀγῶνι κ. 23.448; κλαῖον δ' ἐν λεχέεσσι κ. Od.10.497; θύρῃσι κ. 17.530;

ἐπὶ ταῖσι θύραις Ar.Nu. 466

; αὐτόθεν ἐκ δίφροιο κ. even from his seat as he sat there, Od.21.420;

καθήμεθ' ἄκρων ἐκ πάγων S.Ant. 411

; ἐκ μέσου κατῆστο sate aloof, remained neutral, Hdt.3.83, cf. 4.118,8.73; ἐν θρόνῳ κ. Id.2.149; θρόνῳ κ. E.El. 315;

κ. πρὸς τάφῳ Id.Hel. 1084

;

πρὸς τὸ πῦρ Ar.V. 773

;

ἐπὶ δίφρου Pl.R. 328c

;

ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων X.Cyr.4.5.54

;

ἐπὶ τοῦ ἅρματος Act.Ap.8.28

;

ἐς τοὐργαστήριον Alciphr.3.27

: c. acc. cogn., ἕδραν κ. E.Heracl.55: c. acc. loci, sit on, ὀφρύην ib. 394.

2 esp. of courts, councils, assemblies, etc., sit: οἱ καθήμενοι the judges, the court, And.1.139, D.6.3, etc.;

δικαστὰς οὐχ ὁρῶ καθημένους Ar.Nu. 208

; ὑμεῖς οἱ καθήμενοι you who sit as judges, Th. 5.85;

οὐκ ἐπὶ τούτῳ κ. ὁ δικαστής Pl.Ap. 35c

;

κ. ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων D.58.25

; of the βουλή, And.1.43;

βουλῆς περὶ τούτων καθημένης D.21.116

; of an assembly, X.An.5.10.5; οἱ κ. the spectators in a theatre, Hegesipp. 1.29.

3 sit still, sit quiet,

ὕψι περ ἐν νεφέεσσι καθημένω Od. 16.264

; σφοῖσιν ἐνὶ μεγάροισι καθήατο (for ἐκάθηντο) Il.11.76;

ἐν πένθεϊ μεγάλῳ κατῆστο Hdt.1.46

; μετὰ κόπον κ. rest after labour, S.Fr. 479.3: and, in bad sense, sit doing nothing, lie idle, Il.24.403, Hdt. 3.134; of an army, Id.9.56, Th.4.124; of a boat's crew, PCair.Zen. 107.6 (iii B.C.);

οὐδὲν ποιοῦντες ἐνθάδε καθήμεθα, μέλλοντες ἀεί D.11.17

, cf. 2.23, S.Fr.142.20, etc.; also, of an army, to have its quarters, be encamped,

περὶ τὰς Ἀχαρνάς Th.2.20

, cf. 101;

ἐχθρῶν ὑπ' αὐτοῖς τείχεσιν καθημένων E.Ph. 752

.

4 reside in a place, LXXNe.11.6;

λαὸς καθήμενος ἐν σκοτίᾳ Ev.Matt.4.16

; settle,

εἰς Σινώπην Muson.Fr. 9p.43H.

5 lead a sedentary, obscure life,

ἐν σκότῳ καθήμενος Pi. O.1.83

;

ἔσω καθημένη A.Ch. 919

; αἱ βαναυσικαὶ [ τέχναι]

ἀναγκάζουσι καθῆσθαι X.Oec.4.2

; to be engaged or employed, esp. in a sedentary business,

ἐπ' αὐτῷ τούτῳ Hdt.2.86

; κ. ἐπὶ τῇ τραπέζῃ, of bankers, D.49.42, cf. 45.33;

ἐπ' ἐργαστηρίου Id.59.67

;

ἐπὶ τοῦ.. ἰατρείου Aeschin.1.40

; καθῆσθαι ἐν πόλει, opp. ζῆν ἐν Χωρίῳ, Muson.Fr.11p.59H.

6 sit as a suppliant,

ἐν Δελφοῖσι Hdt.5.63

, cf. Orac.ib. 7.140.

7 of districts and countries, lie,

Χωρία ὁμοίως καθήμενα Thphr.HP8.8.7

.

b to be low-lying,

τὰ λεῖα καὶ καθήμενα Ael.VH 3.1

, cf. NA16.12; πεδίον κ. Him.Or.14.17; πόπανον.. κ. δωδεκόμφαλον prob. flat in the middle, IG22.1367.

8 of a statue, to be placed, Pl.Smp. 215b, Arist.Pol. 1315b21.

9 of things, to be set or placed,

λαγῴοις ἐπ' ἀμύλῳ καθημένοις Telecl.32

, cf. Pherecr.108.17;

τὸ πηδάλιον κ. πλάγιον Arist.Mech. 851a4

, cf. ib.13.

κάθημαι (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.; Jos., Ant. 5, 192; Ath. 17:3 [ptc. as name of an image of Athene]) 2 sg. κάθῃ (since Hyperid., Fgm. 115 [OLautensach, Glotta 8, 1917, 186]; POxy 33 verso III, 13 [II A.D.]; TestJob 24:3) Ac 23:3; pl. κάθησθε Lk 22:30 v.l., impv. κάθου (Moeris 215: κάθησο Ἀττικῶς, κάθου κοινῶς; later Attic [Lautensach, Glotta 9, 1918, 88; s. also AMaidhof, Z. Begriffsbestimmung der Koine 1912, 300]) twice in Js 2:3 and seven times in a quot. fr. Ps 109:1 (B-D-F §100; Mlt-H. 206f; s. 3 below); impf. ἐκαθήμην (on the augment s. B-D-F §69, 1; Mlt-H. 192); fut. καθήσομαι (oft. LXX) Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30.

① to be in a seated position, sit

ⓐ w. the place indicated by a prep. ἀπέναντί τινος opposite someth. Mt 27:61.—εἴς τι on someth. (Pel.-Leg. p. 4, 4 καθημένη εἰς βαδιστήν=‘sitting on a donkey’; cp. also Musonius 43, 18 H. καθῆσθαι εἰς Σινώπην) εἰς τὸ ὄρος τ. ἐλαιῶν Mk 13:3; cp. Hs 5, 1, 1.—ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at someone’s right (hand) Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62; Lk 22:69.—ἐν: Mt 11:16; 26:69; Lk 7:32. ἐν σάκκῳ κ. σποδῷ 10:13. ἐν δεξιᾷ τινος at someone’s right Col 3:1. ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς on the right (side) Mk 16:5.—ἐπάνω τινός on or upon someth. Mt 23:22; Rv 6:8.—ἐπί τινος on someth. (Babrius 57, 14; UPZ 79, 10 [160 B.C.]) Mt 24:3. ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου (Aeschines in Ps.-Demetr. 205; Cebes 21, 3 ἐπὶ θρόνου ὑψηλοῦ; Ex 11:5 al.; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 9 [Stone p. 30]; B 8 p. 112, 21 [Stone p. 72]; Jos., Ant. 5, 192); Rv 4:2 v.l.; 4:9f; 5:1, 7, 13 v.l.; 6:16; 7:10 v.l., 15; 19:4 v.l.; 20:11 v.l.; 21:5 v.l. ἐπὶ θρόνων Lk 22:30. ἐπὶ τῆς νεφέλης (Is 19:1) 14:15f. ἐπὶ τοῦ ἅρματος Ac 8:28. ἐπὶ τ. ἵππων Rv 9:17; 19:18. ἐπὶ τοῦ ἵππου vs. 19, 21 (cp. TestJud 3:2). Of judges (κ.=‘sit in judgment’: Pla., Ap. 35c; Hyperid. 3, 6) ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος Mt 27:19.—ἐπὶ τῇ ὡραίᾳ πύλῃ at the ‘Beautiful Gate’ Ac 3:10. ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ Rv 5:13; 6:16 v.l.; 7:10, 15 v.l.; 19:4; 21:5.—ἐπί τι w. acc. of place (Lev 8:35) ἐπὶ τὸ τελώνιον Mt 9:9; Mk 2:14; Lk 5:27; ἐπὶ πῶλον ὄνου J 12:15; ἐπʼ αὐτόν (horse) Rv 6:2, 4f; 19:11, 18 v.l.; ἐπὶ θηρίον 17:3; ἐπὶ (τὸν) θρόνον, (τοὺς) θρόνους (3 Km 1:27; Jer 13:13 A; 43, 30 A; TestJob 20:4) Mt 19:28; Rv 4:2, 4; 11:16; 20:11; ἐπὶ τὴν νεφέλην 14:14, 16 v.l.—παρά τι beside someth. παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν at the side of the road Mt 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35.—περί τινα around someone Mk 3:32, 34.—πρὸς τὸ φῶς by the fire Lk 22:56 (Aristoph., Vesp. 773 πρὸς τὸ πῦρ κ. Likewise Menand., Fgm. 806 Kö.).

ⓑ w. the place indicated by an adv. of place: ἐκεῖ Mk 2:6; οὗ Ac 2:2; Rv 17:15; ὅπου vs. 9.

ⓒ abs. sit, sit there (Epict. 2, 16, 13 εὔχου καθήμενος; 33) Mt 27:36; Lk 5:17; J 2:14; 9:8; Ac 14:8; 1 Cor 14:30; B 10:4.

ⓓ w. some indication of the state or characteristics of the pers. sitting (Ex 18:14 σὺ κάθησαι μόνος; κ. of a judge Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 318 D.; 327) σὺ κάθῃ κρίνων με; do you sit there to judge me? Ac 23:3 (Ἄβελ … κάθηται ὧδε κρῖναι TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32]).

ⓔ in the special sense sit quietly Mk 5:15; Lk 8:35. Be enthroned in majesty (Od. 16, 264) κάθημαι βασίλισσα Rv 18:7.

② to be a resident in a place, stay, be, live, reside, settle, fig. ext of 1 (Hom. et al.; Hdt. 5, 63 ἐν Δελφοῖς; Musonius p. 59, 7 ἐν πόλει; Ael. Aristid. 50, 14 K.=26 p. 505 D.; Is 9:8 v.l.; 2 Esdr 21:6; Jdth 4:8; 5:3) Lk 21:35; Rv 14:6 (cp. Jer 32:29); 17:1, 9 (s. 1b). πρός τινα w. someone D 12:3; 13:1. ἐν σκότει (σκοτίᾳ v.l.) … καὶ ἐν σκιᾷ θανάτου Mt 4:16. ἐν σκότει καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου (Ps 106:10) Lk 1:79 (cp. Pind., O. 1, 83 ἐν σκότῳ καθήμενος [=one who enters old age without accomplishments worthy of remembrance]; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 272 D.: ἐν τ. στενοῖς τ. ἐλπίδων ἐκάθηντο). (The restoration [καθήμ]ε̣ν̣ο̣ι̣ AcPl Ha 8, 33 is questionable, s. the rdg. of BMM, s.v. πεδάω.)

③ to take a seated position, sit down; the occurrence of this sense in our lit. can scarcely be disputed; the same is true of the LXX (W-S. §14, 3). It is to be assumed for the impv. in all its occurrences; seven of them are connected w. Ps 109:1: κάθου ἐκ δεξιῶν μου Mt 22:44; Mk 12:36; Lk 20:42; Ac 2:34; Hb 1:13; 1 Cl 36:5; B 12:10. The impv. has the same mng. twice in Js 2:3. But this sense is also quite probable for the foll. pass.: ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ Mk 4:1. ἐπάνω τινός Mt 28:2. μετά τινος 26:58; J 6:3 (καθίζω v.l.). παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν Mt 13:1.—ἐκεῖ Mt 15:29.—μέσος αὐτῶν Lk 22:55.—Abs. Mt 13:2.—B. 455. DELG s.v. ἧμαι. M-M. EDNT. TW.

καθίζω (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr.; Joseph.; Just. [only in paraphrases]; Tat. 23, 1) fut. καθίσω Mt 25:31 and καθιῶ Is 47:8; 1 aor. ἐκάθισα, impv. κάθισον Mk 12:36 v.l.; pf. 3 sg. κεκάθικεν (B-D-F §101; W-S. §14, 2, 15; Rob. 1216) Hb 12:2, 1 pl. κεκαθίκαμεν Hs 9, 5, 6; mid. fut. καθίσομαι and καθιοῦμαι Hv 3, 1, 9.

① to cause to sit down, seat, set, trans. καθίσας ἐν δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ (God) had (him) sit at his right hand Eph 1:20. God swore to David ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ καθίσαι ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ to set one of his descendants upon his throne Ac 2:30 (cp. 2 Ch 23:20). ἐκάθισαν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ καθέδραν κρίσεως they seated him on the judge’s chair GPt 3:7 (αὐτὸν ἐκάθισαν ἐπὶ βήματος Just., A I, 35, 6). J 19:13 is probably to be understood in this sense, since the trial is evidently in progress (cp. Dio Chrys. 4, 67; Loisy; PCorssen, ZNW 15, 1914, 339f; IdelaPotterie, Biblica 41, ’60, 217–47; s. CBQ 25, ’63, 124–26); but also s. 3 below. ἐκάθισέ με ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ ὸ̓ρους Hs 9, 1, 4. On an ass ἐκάθισεν αὐτήν GJs 17:2; ὄνῳ καθίσαντες αὐτόν MPol 8:1. ἐκάθισεν αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τρίτου βαθμοῦ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου on the third step of the altar GJs 7:3.

② to put in charge of someth., appoint, install, authorize, trans., fig. ext. of 1 (Pla., Leg. 9, 873e δικαστήν; Polyb. 40, 5, 3; Jos., Ant. 20, 200 καθίζει συνέδριον κριτῶν, Vi. 368; POxy 1469, 7) τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ καθίζετε; do you appoint as judges persons who have no standing in the church? 1 Cor 6:4 (on καθ.=‘appoint as judge’ cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 75).

③ to take a seated position, sit down, intr. (Hdt., Thu., ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr.) abs. (Diod S 8, 10, 4; Polyaenus 2, 21; Just., A I, 32, 6) Mt 5:1; 13:48; Mk 9:35; Lk 4:20; 5:3; 7:15 v.l.; 14:28, 31; 16:6; J 8:2; Ac 13:14; 16:13; Hv 1, 2, 2. W. inf. foll. ἐκάθισεν φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν 1 Cor 10:7 (Ex 32:6). W. an adv. of place ὧδε (Sb 4117, 5; Ruth 4:1, 2; 4 Km 7:4) Mk 14:32 (perh. stay here; Hv 3, 1, 8). αὐτοῦ here (Gen 22:5) Mt 26:36. W. prep. εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ in the temple of God (PSI 502, 21 [III B.C.] καθίσαντες εἰς τὸ ἱερόν) 2 Th 2:4. εἰς τὴν κλίνην on the bed (cp. Dicaearchus, Fgm. 20 W. εἰς θρόνον) Hv 5:1 (on sitting down after prayer cp. the Pythagorean precept: Philosoph. Max. 508, 60 καθῆσθαι προσκυνήσαντες=after prayer we should sit down. Similarly Numa: Plut., Numa 14, 7.—HLewy, Philol. 84, 1929, 378–80). εἰς τὸν τόπον τοῦ ἀγγέλου Hs 8, 4, 1. εἰς τὸ ἔδαφος AcPl Ha 2, 20. ἐκ δεξιῶν τινος at someone’s right Mt 20:21, 23; Mk 10:37, 40; 12:36 v.l.; 16:19; Hv 3, 2, 2. Also ἐν δεξιᾷ τινος Hb 1:3; 8:1; 10:12; 12:2. ἐν τῷ θρόνῳ μου on my throne Rv 3:21ab (Hdt. 5, 25 ἐν τῷ κατίζων θρόνῳ). ἐπί τινος (3 Km 2:12 al. ἐπὶ θρόνου; Diod S 1, 92, 2; 17, 116, 3 ἐκάθισεν ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου=sat down on; Jos., Ant. 8, 344) Mt 19:28a; 25:31; ἐπὶ τῆς καθέδρας 23:2 (B-D-F §342, 1; cp. Rob. 837). ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ (τοῦ θ. codd.) GJs 11:1. ἐπί τι (Thu. 1, 126, 10; Aesop, Fab. 393 H.; AscIs 3:17) θρόνους Rv 20:4 (cp. 3 Km 1:46; 2 Ch 6:10); ἐπὶ καθέδραν B 10:10 (Ps 1:1); on an animal (TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 25 [Stone p. 60] ἐπὶ κτῆνος; Achilles Tat. 1, 12, 2 ἐπὶ τ. ἵππον) Mk 11:2, 7; Lk 19:30; J 12:14. Of the Holy Spirit as a flame of fire ἐκάθισεν ἐφʼ ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν it rested upon each one of them Ac 2:3; κατέναντί τινος opposite someth. Mk 12:41. σύν τινι sit down w. someone Ac 8:31. Esp. of a judge (Pla., Leg. 2 p. 659b; Ps 9:5) κ. ἐπὶ (τοῦ) βήματος sit down in the judge’s seat to open the trial (Jos., Bell. 2, 172 ὁ Πιλᾶτος καθίσας ἐπὶ βήματος, Ant. 20, 130) J 19:13 (JBlinzler, Der Prozess Jesu³ ’60, 257–62; s. 1 above); Ac 12:21; 25:6, 17.—Under a tree GJs 2:4.—Mid. sit down (Pla. et al.; 3 Km 1:13; Da 7:26 [LXX]; Just., D. 109, 3 [for ἀναπαύσεται Mi 4:4]) Mt 19:28b v.l.; J 6:3 v.l.; s. καθέζομαι and κάθημαι.

④ to be or remain in a place, intr. reside, settle, stay, live (Thu. 3, 107, 1; 4, 93, 1) ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 24:49 (cp. 1 Ch 19:5; 2 Esdr 21 [Neh 11]: 1f; Jos., Bell. 1, 46, Ant. 18, 86; SIG 685, 28 ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ). W. acc. of time Ac 18:11.—DELG s.v. ἕζομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW.